Male Urogenital Triangle-Penis-Scrotum-Testes-Epididymides-Female Urogenital Triangle-Vulva-Mons Pubis-Labia Majora-Labia Minora-Vestibule-Vaginal Orifice-Clitoris

Male Urogenital Triangle

The male urogenital triangle contains the penis and the scrotum.

Penis

The penis consists of a root, a body, and a glans. The root of the penis consists of three masses of erectile tissue called the bulb of the penis and the right and left crura of the penis. The bulb can be felt on deep palpation in the midline of the perineum, posterior to the scrotum.

The body of the penis is the free portion of the penis, which is suspended from the symphysis pubis. Note that the dorsal surface (anterior surface of the flaccid organ) usually possesses a superficial dorsal vein in the midline The glans penis forms the extremity of the body of the penis. At the summit of the glans is the external urethral meatus. Extending from the lower margin of the external meatus is a fold connecting the glans to the prepuce called the frenulum. The edge of the base of the glans is called the corona. The prepuce or foreskin is formed by a fold of skin attached to the neck of the penis. The prepuce covers the glans for a variable extent, and it should be possible to retract it over the glans.

Scrotum

The scrotum is a sac of skin and fascia containing the testes and the epididymides. The skin of the scrotum is rugose and is covered with sparse hairs. The bilateral origin of the scrotum is indicated by the presence of a dark line in the midline, called the scrotal raphe, along the line of fusion
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Testes

The testes should be palpated. They are oval shaped and have a firm consistency. They lie free within the tunica vaginalis and are not tethered to the subcutaneous tissue or skin.

Epididymides

Each epididymis can be palpated on the posterolateral surface of the testis. The epididymis is a long, narrow, firm structure having an expanded upper end or head, a body, and a pointed tail inferiorly. The cordlike vas deferens emerges from the tail and ascends medial to the epididymis to enter the spermatic cord at the upper end of the scrotum.

Female Urogenital Triangle

Vulva

“Vulva” is the term applied to the female external genitalia

Mons Pubis

The mons pubis is the rounded, hair-bearing elevation of skin found anterior to the pubis. The pubic hair in the female has an abrupt horizontal superior margin, whereas in the male it extends upward to the umbilicus.

Labia Majora

The labia majora are prominent, hair-bearing folds of skin extending posteriorly from the mons pubis to unite posteriorly in the midline
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Labia Minora

The labia minora are two smaller, hairless folds of soft skin that lie between the labia majora . Their posterior ends are united to form a sharp fold, the fourchette. Anteriorly, they split to enclose the clitoris, forming an anterior prepuce and a posterior frenulum

Vestibule

The vestibule is a smooth triangular area bounded laterally by the labia minora, with the clitoris at its apex and the fourchette at its base.

Vaginal Orifice

The vaginal orifice is protected in virgins by a thin mucosal fold called the hymen, which is perforated at its center. At the first coitus, the hymen tears, usually posteriorly or posterolaterally, and after childbirth only a few tags of the hymen remain .

Clitoris

This is situated at the apex of the vestibule anteriorly. The glans of the clitoris is partly hidden by the prepuce.

Orgasm in the Female-Female Urethra-Paraurethral Glands-

Orgasm in the Female

As in the male, vision, hearing, smell, touch, and other psychic stimuli gradually build up the intensity of sexual excitement. During this process, the vaginal walls become moist because of transudation of fluid through the congested mucous membrane. In addition, the greater vestibular glands at the vaginal orifice secrete a lubricating mucus.

The upper part of the vagina, which resides in the pelvic cavity, is supplied by the hypogastric plexuses and is sensitive only to stretch. The region of the vaginal orifice, the labia minora, and the clitoris are extremely sensitive to touch and are supplied by the ilioinguinal nerves and the dorsal nerves of the clitoris.

Appropriate sexual stimulation of these sensitive areas, reinforced by afferent nervous impulses from the breasts and other regions, results in a climax of pleasurable sensory impulses reaching the central nervous system. Impulses then pass down the spinal cord to the sympathetic outflow (T1 to L2).

The nervous impulses that pass to the genital organs are thought to leave the cord at the first and second lumbar segments in preganglionic sympathetic fibers. Many of these fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons in the 1st and 2nd lumbar ganglia; other fibers may synapse in ganglia in the lower lumbar or pelvic parts of the sympathetic trunks. The postganglionic fibers are then distributed to the smooth muscle of the vaginal wall, which rhythmically contracts. In addition, nervous impulses travel in the pudendal nerve (S2, 3, and 4) to reach the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles, which also undergo rhythmic contraction. In many women, a single orgasm brings about sexual contentment, but other women require a series of orgasms to feel replete.

Female Urethra

The female urethra is about 1.5 in. (3.8 cm) long. It extends from the neck of the bladder to the external meatus, where it opens into the vestibule about 1 in. (2.5 cm) below the clitoris. It traverses the sphincter urethrae and lies immediately in front of the vagina. At the sides of the external urethral meatus are the small openings of the ducts of the paraurethral glands. The urethra can be dilated relatively easily
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Paraurethral Glands

The paraurethral glands, which correspond to the prostate in the male, open into the vestibule by small ducts on either side of the urethral orifice.