Friday 17 June 2016

Colonoscopy-Cancer of the Large Bowel-Cecostomy and Colostomy-Diverticulosis

Colonoscopy
 colonoscopy is now being extensively used for early detection of malignant tumors Since colorectal cancer is a leading cause of death. In this procedure, the mucous membrane of the colon can be directly visualized through an elongated flexible tube, or endoscope. Following a thorough washing out of the large bowel, the patient is sedated, and the tube is gently inserted into the anal canal. The interior of the large bowel can be observed from the anus to the cecum. Photographs of suspicious areas, such as polyps, can be taken and biopsy specimens can be removed for pathologic examination. Although a relatively expensive procedure, it provides a more complete screening examination for colorectal cancer than combined fecal occult blood testing and the examination of the distal colon with sigmoidoscopy .

 
Cancer of the Large Bowel
Cancer of the large bowel is relatively common in persons older than 50 years. The growth is restricted to the bowel wall for a considerable time before it spreads via the lymphatics Bloodstream spread via the portal circulation to the liver occurs late. If a diagnosis is made early and a partial colectomy is performed, accompanied by removal of the lymph vessels and lymph nodes draining the area, then a cure can be anticipated


Cecostomy and Colostomy
Because the cecum, transverse colon, and sigmoid colon, they may be brought to the surface through a small opening in the anterior abdominal wall. If the cecum or transverse colon is then opened, the bowel contents may be allowed to drain by this route. These procedures are referred to as cecostomy or colostomy, respectively, and are used to relieve large-bowel obstructions

Diverticulosis
The term diverticulitis refers to the inflammation of a diverticulum or diverticula, and this may result in perforation of the gut wall Diverticulosis of the colon is a common clinical condition. It consists of a herniation of the lining mucosa through the circular muscle between the teniae coli and occurs at points where the circular muscle is weakest—that is, where the blood vessels pierce the muscle.























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