Wednesday 15 June 2016

Portal Vein Obstruction-Caval Obstruction-Skin and its Regional Lymph Nodes

Portal Vein Obstruction
In cases of portal vein obstruction , the superficial veins around the umbilicus and the paraumbilical veins become grossly distended. The distended subcutaneous veins radiate out from the umbilicus, producing in severe cases the clinical picture referred to as caput medusae.

Caval Obstruction
If the superior or inferior vena cava is obstructed, the venous blood causes distention of the veins running from the anterior chest wall to the thigh. The lateral thoracic vein anastomoses with the superficial epigastric vein, a tributary of the great saphenous vein of the leg. In these circumstances, a tortuous varicose vein may extend from the axilla to the lower abdomen

 
Skin and its Regional Lymph Nodes
Knowledge of the areas of the skin that drain into a particular group of lymph nodes is clinically important. For example, it is possible to find a swelling in the groin (enlarged superficial inguinal node) caused by an infection or malignant tumor of the skin of the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall or that of the buttock











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