Thoracic
Cage Distortion
The shape of the thorax can be distorted by congenital
anomalies of the vertebral column or by the ribs. Destructive disease of the
vertebral column that produces lateral flexion or scoliosis results in marked
distortion of the thoracic cage
Anatomy of Complications
Anatomy of Complications
Complications include pneumothorax and hemorrhage. Pneumothorax
can occur if the needle point misses the subcostal groove and penetrates too
deeply through the parietal pleura. Hemorrhage is caused by the puncture of the
intercostal blood vessels. This is a common complication, so aspiration should
always be performed before injecting the anesthetic. A small hematoma may
result
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